Glossary
Software + AI glossary — 32+ terms
API, Webhook, RAG, AI Agent, KVKK, Core Web Vitals, Multi-tenant and more — definitions, use cases, pros/cons for modern software and AI terminology.
Web + API7 terms
API
An API (Application Programming Interface) is a contract that lets two software systems talk in a structured way. It exposes endpoints to fetch data, send data, and trigger actions; REST and GraphQL are the two most common models. Most modern web features are powered by API calls.
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Webhook
A webhook is a way for a system to send an automatic HTTP request to another system when an event happens. Instead of polling, it 'pushes' — Stripe sends a webhook when payment completes, GitHub when a PR opens, Trendyol when an order arrives.
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REST API
REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architecture for designing web APIs over HTTP. Resources are URL-addressed (/users/123) and managed via HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE). Stateless, cache-friendly, browser-native; 80%+ of web APIs in 2026 are REST.
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GraphQL
GraphQL is an API query language Facebook open-sourced in 2015. Single endpoint (/graphql), client requests only the fields it needs. Solves over-fetching and under-fetching; ideal for complex screen-data mapping. Apollo Server + Apollo Client is the most common stack.
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SSR (Server-Side Rendering)
SSR (Server-Side Rendering) renders HTML on the server instead of the browser. The user receives ready HTML — faster LCP, better SEO, smaller JS bundle. Next.js, Remix, Nuxt make SSR the default.
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Headless CMS
Headless CMS is an architecture that separates content management (CMS) from presentation (frontend). The CMS only delivers content via API; the frontend can be Next.js, React Native, mobile app, smart TV, VR — any platform. Sanity, Contentful, Strapi, Storyblok lead.
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OpenAPI
OpenAPI Specification (formerly Swagger) is an open standard for describing REST APIs in machine-readable format. Written in YAML or JSON, it documents endpoints, parameters, response schemas, and auth methods. Swagger UI auto-generates interactive documentation.
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AI5 terms
RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation)
RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) is a method that lets an LLM 'look at' company-specific documents beyond its training data. Documents are embedded into a vector DB; on a question, relevant chunks are added to the LLM's context — hallucination drops, answer quality rises.
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AI Agent
An AI agent is an autonomous AI system that takes a goal, plans its own steps, calls tools, validates results, and iterates if needed. Where a chatbot answers single-turn, an agent runs a multi-step plan-execute-validate loop. LangGraph, CrewAI, Claude Code MCP are leading frameworks.
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Vector Database
A vector database stores text/images/audio as high-dimensional vectors (1024-3072 dim) and runs similarity search. It's the backbone of modern AI applications like RAG, semantic search, recommendations, and AI agents. Pinecone, Qdrant, Weaviate, pgvector are leading choices.
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Embedding
An embedding represents text/images/audio as a numerical vector (1024-3072 dim). Closer meanings produce closer vectors — 'dog' and 'cat' are close, 'dog' and 'car' are far. It's the mathematical foundation of RAG, semantic search, and recommendations.
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MCP (Model Context Protocol)
MCP (Model Context Protocol) is Anthropic's open standard released in late 2024. It provides a common communication protocol between AI agents and external tools/data sources. Claude Code, Cursor, Zed, Continue support MCP — called 'the USB-C for AI'.
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Compliance + Privacy2 terms
KVKK (Turkish Data Protection Law)
KVKK (Personal Data Protection Law, 6698) is Turkey's personal data protection law (2016). Notice text + explicit consent + retention period + security measures are mandatory. All websites, mobile apps, CRMs must comply; violation fines range $3-67K.
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GDPR
GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) is the EU's data protection regulation (2018). It covers any company worldwide processing EU citizens' data. Fines reach 4% of global revenue or €20M — whichever is higher. Notice + consent + DPA + DPO appointment + 72-hour breach notification are mandatory.
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DevOps3 terms
CI/CD
CI/CD (Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment) is the DevOps practice of automatically testing, building, and deploying code changes to production. Modern teams deploy 5-50+ times per week; the failure rate drops 80% vs manual processes.
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Edge Function
An edge function is a serverless function that runs on the CDN node closest to the user. Instead of a single server (us-east-1), it runs in 100+ global locations — latency drops from 200ms to 20ms. Vercel Edge, Cloudflare Workers, AWS Lambda@Edge, Deno Deploy are the leading platforms.
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Docker
Docker is a platform that packages an app and its dependencies into an isolated 'container'. It solves 'works on my machine' — the same container runs identically on laptop, server, cloud. It's been DevOps's core infrastructure since 2013.
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SEO3 terms
Schema.org
Schema.org is an open structured-data vocabulary co-created in 2011 by Google + Microsoft + Yahoo + Yandex. By adding JSON-LD to your page you tell search engines "this content is a product/article/event/review". Critical for rich snippets + AI search citation.
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Programmatic SEO
Programmatic SEO is a method that ships hundreds-to-thousands of SEO-optimized pages from a template + data source. Repetitive keyword patterns like 'X city + Y service' become auto-published pages. 12 playbooks (locations, comparisons, glossary, integrations, etc.) cover it; quality > quantity.
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Hreflang
Hreflang is an HTML attribute that tells Google which language and country a page targets. On multilingual or multi-regional sites it ensures the right content reaches the right user; if misapplied, all pages can be flagged as duplicates.
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project-management2 terms
Agile
Agile is a project management philosophy that develops software in short iterations (sprints), embraces change, and centers customer feedback. Formalized by the 2001 Agile Manifesto; Scrum, Kanban, and SAFe are frameworks applying this philosophy.
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Scrum
Scrum is the framework that makes Agile concrete. Work is split into 1-4 week sprints; roles are Product Owner (what to build), Scrum Master (how to work together), and Development Team. Daily standup, sprint review, and retrospective are core ceremonies.
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architecture2 terms
Microservice
Microservice architecture splits an application into small, independent services. Each service has its own database, deploys independently, and communicates via API or message queue. Netflix, Amazon, and other large-scale systems use this approach.
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Monolith
A monolith is an architecture where all application components (frontend, backend, data access layer) are developed as a single codebase and deployed as a single unit. Fast and simple to start; migrating to microservices is considered when scaling is needed.
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