Glossary
Software + AI glossary — 21+ terms
API, Webhook, RAG, AI Agent, KVKK, Core Web Vitals, Multi-tenant and more — definitions, use cases, pros/cons for modern software and AI terminology.
Web + API6 terms
API
An API (Application Programming Interface) is a contract that lets two software systems talk in a structured way. It exposes endpoints to fetch data, send data, and trigger actions; REST and GraphQL are the two most common models. Most modern web features are powered by API calls.
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Webhook
A webhook is a way for a system to send an automatic HTTP request to another system when an event happens. Instead of polling, it 'pushes' — Stripe sends a webhook when payment completes, GitHub when a PR opens, Trendyol when an order arrives.
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REST API
REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architecture for designing web APIs over HTTP. Resources are URL-addressed (/users/123) and managed via HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE). Stateless, cache-friendly, browser-native; 80%+ of web APIs in 2026 are REST.
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GraphQL
GraphQL is an API query language Facebook open-sourced in 2015. Single endpoint (/graphql), client requests only the fields it needs. Solves over-fetching and under-fetching; ideal for complex screen-data mapping. Apollo Server + Apollo Client is the most common stack.
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SSR (Server-Side Rendering)
SSR (Server-Side Rendering) renders HTML on the server instead of the browser. The user receives ready HTML — faster LCP, better SEO, smaller JS bundle. Next.js, Remix, Nuxt make SSR the default.
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Headless CMS
Headless CMS is an architecture that separates content management (CMS) from presentation (frontend). The CMS only delivers content via API; the frontend can be Next.js, React Native, mobile app, smart TV, VR — any platform. Sanity, Contentful, Strapi, Storyblok lead.
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AI5 terms
RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation)
RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) is a method that lets an LLM 'look at' company-specific documents beyond its training data. Documents are embedded into a vector DB; on a question, relevant chunks are added to the LLM's context — hallucination drops, answer quality rises.
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AI Agent
An AI agent is an autonomous AI system that takes a goal, plans its own steps, calls tools, validates results, and iterates if needed. Where a chatbot answers single-turn, an agent runs a multi-step plan-execute-validate loop. LangGraph, CrewAI, Claude Code MCP are leading frameworks.
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Vector Database
A vector database stores text/images/audio as high-dimensional vectors (1024-3072 dim) and runs similarity search. It's the backbone of modern AI applications like RAG, semantic search, recommendations, and AI agents. Pinecone, Qdrant, Weaviate, pgvector are leading choices.
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Embedding
An embedding represents text/images/audio as a numerical vector (1024-3072 dim). Closer meanings produce closer vectors — 'dog' and 'cat' are close, 'dog' and 'car' are far. It's the mathematical foundation of RAG, semantic search, and recommendations.
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MCP (Model Context Protocol)
MCP (Model Context Protocol) is Anthropic's open standard released in late 2024. It provides a common communication protocol between AI agents and external tools/data sources. Claude Code, Cursor, Zed, Continue support MCP — called 'the USB-C for AI'.
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Compliance + Privacy2 terms
KVKK (Turkish Data Protection Law)
KVKK (Personal Data Protection Law, 6698) is Turkey's personal data protection law (2016). Notice text + explicit consent + retention period + security measures are mandatory. All websites, mobile apps, CRMs must comply; violation fines range $3-67K.
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GDPR
GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) is the EU's data protection regulation (2018). It covers any company worldwide processing EU citizens' data. Fines reach 4% of global revenue or €20M — whichever is higher. Notice + consent + DPA + DPO appointment + 72-hour breach notification are mandatory.
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DevOps3 terms
CI/CD
CI/CD (Continuous Integration / Continuous Deployment) is the DevOps practice of automatically testing, building, and deploying code changes to production. Modern teams deploy 5-50+ times per week; the failure rate drops 80% vs manual processes.
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Edge Function
An edge function is a serverless function that runs on the CDN node closest to the user. Instead of a single server (us-east-1), it runs in 100+ global locations — latency drops from 200ms to 20ms. Vercel Edge, Cloudflare Workers, AWS Lambda@Edge, Deno Deploy are the leading platforms.
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Docker
Docker is a platform that packages an app and its dependencies into an isolated 'container'. It solves 'works on my machine' — the same container runs identically on laptop, server, cloud. It's been DevOps's core infrastructure since 2013.
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SEO2 terms
Schema.org
Schema.org is an open structured-data vocabulary co-created in 2011 by Google + Microsoft + Yahoo + Yandex. By adding JSON-LD to your page you tell search engines "this content is a product/article/event/review". Critical for rich snippets + AI search citation.
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Programmatic SEO
Programmatic SEO is a method that ships hundreds-to-thousands of SEO-optimized pages from a template + data source. Repetitive keyword patterns like 'X city + Y service' become auto-published pages. 12 playbooks (locations, comparisons, glossary, integrations, etc.) cover it; quality > quantity.
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